|
|
Trendy a faktory naděje dožití v České republice
Lukele, Aneta
The thesis deals with trends and factors of life expectancy in the Czech Republic in the period from 2016. The aim of the thesis is to clarify the importance of demographic factors on the evolution of life expectancy, including analysing the spatiotemporal evolution of infant mortality and the structure of mortality, at the national, regional and district levels. The paper also sheds light on the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on life expectancy values. The methods used are demographic analysis, statistical methods (time series analysis, regression and correlation analysis) and prediction of future trends, comparison and synthesis. Although life expectancy at birth has been increasing for a long time, the impact of the covid-19 pandemic has resulted in a decrease in life expectancy values for both sexes in all regions in selected years. The highest life expectancy at birth for both men and women is in the Capital City of Prague (77.1 years for men, 82.4 years for women), while the lowest values are in the Ústí and Karlovy Vary Region (72.7 years for men, 78.8 years for women). The infant mortality rate is also decreasing in almost all regions. The main factors affecting life expectancy are the level of education, economic activity and the related level of financial income, the state of health care, the environment, the political situation in the country, unexpected events, see covid-19 and many others. The prerequisite is a continuing increase in life expectancy at birth and a steady decline in infant mortality. Recommendations are proposed particularly in terms of the deepening ageing of the population with associated declines in fertility, and the relevance of the experience of old age to health.
|
|
|
Essays on Environmental and Health Economics
Kyrychenko, Olexiy ; Gaule, Patrick (advisor) ; Fichera, Eleonora (referee) ; Mohnen, Myra (referee)
Essays on Environmental and Health Economics Olexiy Kyrychenko Abstract In the first chapter, we examine the impact of temperature on manufacturing production in India and the underlying mechanisms. Using plant-level manufacturing data and satellite- based temperature estimates from 1998-2007, we find that the relationship between temperature and output exhibits an inverted U-shape, with especially large losses occurring at extreme cold and hot temperatures. Such nonlinearity provides valuable insight into the potential welfare consequences of climate change. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that a 1řC shift in the annual distribution of daily temperature would lead to net losses in manufacturing output of 1.3% or USD 0.6 billion, equivalent to a 0.5% reduction in India's GDP 2007 through the manufacturing sector alone. The estimated temperature-output relationship is driven by the joint effects of temperature on total factor productivity and capital. This finding has important implications for adaptation. The manufacturing sector can adapt to changing climate by reducing the sensitivity of labor productivity to temperature and by making investments in machinery. Labor-related adjustments can also contribute to adaptation by offsetting direct productivity losses or facilitating labor reallocation....
|
|
|
Impact of health expenditures on infant mortality in Africa
Bajer, Vladimír ; Šlegerová, Lenka (advisor) ; Bertoli, Paola (referee)
Each year, the infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births in Africa is more than 15 times higher than in the Czech Republic. This thesis investigates whether infant, neonatal and under-5 mortality rates could be lowered by an increase in health expenditures in Africa. We used data from 49 African countries for the last 20 available years, i.e., from 2000 to 2019. Applying the fixed effects estimation method for panel data, we examined the health expenditures as aggregate total current spending, and also separately as domestic private, domestic public and external. Our analyses showed significant negative relationships between both total current and external (i.e., direct foreign transfers and foreign transfers distributed by a government) health spending and infant/under-5 mortality. Additionally, under-5 mortality is also significantly affected by domestic private spending. On the contrary, no significant relationship between neonatal mortality and any health expenditure was found. Previously performed studies claimed that domestic public spending decreases studied mortalities too. However, our results imply that the effect of domestic public spending has disappeared and transferred instead into external and private health funds. Thus, it is crucial to invest in these segments more to lessen...
|
|
|
Infant mortality in the Czech Republic in the European context
Šornová, Martina ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Burcin, Boris (referee)
In this Bachelor thesis there is the development of infant mortality in the Czech Republic documented by basic indicators of infant mortality in the period 1950-2009. There are also the indicators of infant mortality compared and position of the Czech Republic among select countries was determined. In conclusion, the development and intensity of infant mortality of the Czech Republic is compared with the development and intensity of infant mortality of Slovakia. In the part the method of biometric analysis of infant mortality is applied. An alternative approach of finding the location of the line representing endogenous deaths through the differences of cumulative number of deaths is suggested for this method.
|
|
|
Mortality in the czech countries in the years 1920-1937 with emphasis on selected infectious diseases
Skalák, Zdeněk ; Fialová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Mortality in the Czech countries in the years 1920-1937 with emphasis on selected infectious diseases Abstract The aim of this work is to analyze mortality rates in the czech countries in the years 1920-1937. We focus on a group of infectious diseases that had in this period in terms of cause of death still a high proportion. The rate of mortality due to infectious diseases is dependent on many aspects, such as the correct detection of the disease, effective vaccines and the level of medicine. It is these causes that brought about the sharp decline in mortality due to infectious diseases in the late 19th century. Hovewer, the First World War interupted this permanent decline and the newly created Czechoslovak state had to deal with relatively high mortality due to these diseases. The inter-war period saw recurrent epidemies of infectious deseases, nevertheless until the Second World War we can see the change in mortality due to causes. The infectious diseases are gradually replaced by modern diseases, especially cancers and diseases of the circulatory system. Key words: mortality, causes of death, infectious diseases, decomposition, classification of causes of death, medical discoveries, the level of health
|
|
|
Infant mortality in the Czech Republic and Europe: trends and patterns
Magenheimová, Kateřina ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Šídlo, Luděk (referee)
Infant mortality in the Czech Republic and Europe: trends and patterns Abstract This Master's thesis addresses the development of infant mortality in the Czech Republic between the years 1950 and 2016 using more detailed indicators of infant mortality. To evaluate the impact of infant mortality rate, on the lengthening life expectancy at birth in the Czech Republic and selected European countries, a decomposition of life tables is included. Selected European countries are then compared with the use of cluster analysis, based on infant mortality indicators and life expectancy at birth by sex. Finally, an analysis is made on the basis of infant life tables which are calculated by sex, birth weight and legitimacy for the Czech Republic. Keywords: infant mortality, Czech Republic, European countries, tables of infant mortality, sex, child-legitimacy, birth weight, decomposition, cluster analysis
|
|
|
Comparison of mortality in the Czech Republic and in other EU countries
Kůrková, Simona ; Fiala, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vrabcová, Jana (referee)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to analyze the developement of mortality in the Czech reublic and compare it with mortality in the other EU countries in years 1960-2014. This thesis includes detailed description of basic terms calculation of mortality rates. Selected EU countries are divided into units, i.e. Notrh, South, West and East. Analysis of this thesis was based on infant mortality and life expectancy. The developement of each mortality indiacator is ilustrated by number of graphs, which were created from the Human Mortality database on available datas. Infant mortality in the Czech Republic and other EU countries is examined for both gender in the time series 1960-1990 and 1990-2014. Subsequently the thesis analyses life expectancy at birth and at ages of 25 and 65 years for women and men separately. There is also analysis of life expectancy annual increase at birth and at ages of 25 and 65 years for women and men, based on linear regression function in the time of 1960-1990 and 2000-2014. The aim of bachelor thesis is to compare individual mortality indicators among selected states.
|
|
|
Comparison of the development of life expectancy and other characteristics of length of life in selected European countries
Lengsfeldová, Tereza ; Dotlačilová, Petra (advisor) ; Antovová, Michaela (referee)
The bachelor thesis compares characteristics of length of life in the Czech Republic, Norway and Spain in the period 1960-2014. The aim is to analyse the mortality process using life expectancy and median length of life at selected ages 0, 65 and 80 years and modal age at death. Decreasing infant mortality and better death rates for older persons positively still affect growth of lengths of life after completion of demographic transition. However, it leads to ageing population when people are dying at older age and number of these people is growing. This has the effect of assimilation of examined characteristics. Long-term different development of mortality through age structure has divided Europe into regions, consequently has occurred higher within-country gender difference. Women live longer than men. The new trend is reduction of gender difference at almost every age. It also researches these changes and differentials to prove or disprove convergence between men and women and selected characteristics of length of life.
|
|
|
Infant mortality in international comparison
Novotná, Veronika ; Pechholdová, Markéta (advisor) ; Fiala, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to analyse detailed data on the development of infant mortality for different countries and their comparison. The countries were selected from several parts of Europe to provide high quality data for analysis. Different components of infant mortality with respect to data availability were examined as well as infant mortality by gender. Comparisons among selected countries were made based on different variability measures. Largely, the thesis deals with infant mortality depending on the level of development of the countries. Using regression and correlation analysis, infant mortality dependence was determined on various determinants with prerequisites to explain part of the infant mortality variability. The selected determinants include, for example, GDP per capita, unemployment rate or life expectancy.
|
|
|
Analysis of infant mortality in social contexts
Prokešová, Monika ; Pechholdová, Markéta (advisor) ; Cséfalvaiová, Kornélia (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the development of infant neonatal mortality in the social context in the Czech Republic. In theoretical part the indicators of prenatal mortality are introduced and the changes of definition of live and dead newborn are examined. In addition the socio-economic indicators are defined in this part. In the analytical part of this thesis we will examine dependence between infant neonatal mortality and socio-economic indicators using the regression analysis. A the end the results of the thesis will be summarized and made recommendations for reduction of infant neonatal mortality.
|
guest ::
